Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of female reproductive hormones estrogen and progesterone in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in female patients. Materials and Methods: Serum estrogen and progesterone levels of 200 female participants who had varying grades of TMD were measured by enzyme immunoassay competition method in the luteal phase of menstrual cycle. Results: Mean serum concentration of estrogen was 302.1 ± 3.16 pg/mL, and the mean serum concentration of progesterone was 1.68 ± 38.3 ng/mL. Mean serum levels of estrogen and progesterone increased with increasing severity of TMD. Conclusion: Increased serum levels of estrogen and progesterone with increased grade of severity of TMD suggest role of these hormones as etiological factors for TMD.

Background: Search for a root-end filling material fulfilling all the ideal characteristics is an ongoing process. The present study aimed to evaluate the marginal seal of the following materials when used as root-end filling materials, MTA Angelus, White ProRoot MTA, Biodentine and Glass ionomer cement (GIC). Materials and Methods: Sixty single-rooted maxillary central incisors were included in the study. The crowns were resected followed by cleaning and shaping with hand files and protaper rotary files followed by obturation of the roots. The root ends were resected at 3 mm level. Then, root-end cavity preparation of 3 mm depth was done using ultrasonic tips. The samples were randomly divided into four groups of 15 each and cavities restored with, such as (1) Group 1: MTA Angelus, (2) Group 2: ProRoot MTA, (3) Group 3: Biodentine, and (4) Group 4: GIC. The root samples were coated with two coats of nail varnish and immersed in methylene blue dye 2% for 48 h. Longitudinal root resection was done. The depth of dye penetration was evaluated under the stereomicroscope to examine the extent of microleakage. The amount of dye penetration was measured in millimeters. The results were then statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey's test. Conclusion: Microleakage was present in all the samples. Least amount of apical dye microleakage was seen in biodentine with mean value of 0.16 mm followed by ProRoot MTA 0.68 mm, MTA Angelus 0.74 mm, and GIC 1.53 mm. The best sealing ability was seen in biodentine, and this difference was statistically significant.

The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) was formerly considered to be a variant of the ameloblastoma and was designated as adenoameloblastoma. It represents 3-7% of all odontogenic tumor and over 750 cases have been reported in the literature. Though this lesion shows pathognomic histological features, few overlapping patterns of the odontogenic tumors may be seen. AOT may infrequently show additional areas resembling to calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor. Long-term follow-up research is need of the hour for such hybrid histological combination effect on the locally aggressive nature of the lesion. We present a case of a follicular variant of AOT in a 22 years male presenting with swelling on anterior maxilla associated with impacted canine.

Geminated teeth are the consequences of developmental anomalies leading to the eruption of joined elements. According to the current definitions, gemination occurs when one tooth bud tries to divide, whereas fusion occurs if two tooth buds unite. This article presents one such case report of germination of a primary tooth which was endodontically treated due to deep carious involvement.

Shallow vestibule along with the inadequate width of attached gingiva is a common cause of the gingival recession. Multiple techniques have been developed, separately, to increase the depth of vestibule and the width of attached gingival but this case report present a single stage surgical procedure for increasing both depth of vestibule and the width of attached gingiva by vestibular deepening procedure.

Idiopathic gingival enlargement is a rare condition characterized by massive enlargement of the gingiva. It can be an isolated entity or may be associated with syndrome. In this case report, A 15-year-old female reported with a chief complaint of swollen gums which was slowly progressive since last 2 years that affects the esthetic appearance and functional movement such as mastication. On her intraoral examination revealed that there was unilateral, generalized, diffuse fibrotic gingival enlargement with pseudopockets. The lesion was surgically removed. Postoperative healing was satisfactory with significant improvement in esthetic appearance and mastication. There was no postoperative recurrence during 2 years of follow-up.

Emblica officinalis (Amla) is widely used in the Indian system of medicine and believed to increase defense against diseases. Amla is called amalaki in Sanskrit. It is one of the oldest oriental medicines mentioned in Ayurveda as potential remedy for assorted ailments. A wide range of phytochemical components present in amla including alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids have been shown to procure useful biological activities. It is an ingredient of many Ayurvedic medicines and tonics as it removes excessive salivation and internal body heat. Research has been done with amla evaluating its role as an antioxidant. Amla is useful in ulcer prevention, for diabetic patients, and for memory effects. Amla Tonic has a hematinic and lipalytic function useful in scurvy, prevents indigestion, and controls acidity as well as it is a natural source of anti-aging.

It was only toward the close of the last century that women emancipated themselves from their former small territory of usefulness in a strictly domestic life, and pushing forward, proved themselves often the business equal to men and sometimes their superior. If was long before this progression, when a women in business or professional ranks was almost a curiosity. When women first entered the profession, they faced many obstacles. Mentors or faculty in the dental organizations majority were male restraining women by all means. In the beginning, men were resentful because they feel women are inferior. It took a long time for women to become a consistent presence in dental schools. In the beginning, dental schools used to admit one or two women each year, later the number increased slowly. Olden day's women used to relieve not even the tooth ache but also used to relieve others fret also. But histories of dentistry were not acknowledged the talent of women whatsoever. The efforts and achievements of women punch the clock in the future dentistry. The current scenario has totally changed now. Nearly, half of all dental students' are women and 25% of them are practicing dentists. Only 3% women dentists were there before the 1970s. ^[1] Women struggled to obtain a degree, to establish practices, and are respected as professionals. Some women choose this rewarding occupation as career followed by their family members. The population tally of chosen work upbringing has changed over time. This paper reports in a delineative way of the amelioration, staggering presence, and intendment of dentistry practicing by worldwide women.

The periodontal epithelium neighboring the tooth is precise to form a seal and attachment around the tooth. This exclusive function imparts unique challenges to the tissue and leads to certain vulnerabilities allied with periodontal disease, particularly in view of the continual exposure to the bacterial biofilm (dental plaque) that form that is formed on the tooth surface at the junction of the soft tissue. It is obvious that oral epithelial cells can counter unbroken microbial challenges from dental plaque by the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), chemokines and cytokines that boost inflammation and immune response in periodontal tissues. AMPs are early responders of the innate immune system that search and destroy invading pathogens. The large variety of AMPs presumably allows for an effective response to the large variety of microorganisms that invade the mouth and airways. The present paper portrays the association between altered expression of AMPs and some types of periodontitis along with AMPs and their clinical significance in other oral diseases.

Health care has changed dramatically by the scientific blend of computers and telecommunication. The result of which is the telemedicine, an innovative field that involves the exchange of clinical information and images over remote distances for consultation and treatment planning by linking them with the specialists in larger communities. This has increased the patient access to dental care, by improving the quality of care, and the cost effectiveness. It is also very useful in long-distance clinical training, continuing education, screening, and dentist-laboratory communication. In this article, an attempt has been made to review the basics and applications of teledentistry.